Drug Testers Target India (平成17年度第1回英語検定)   Western pharmaceutical companies are increasingly finding India an ideal testing ground for new drugs. The main reason is the ( 26 ). Drug makers are required by law to recruit, treat, observe, and pay hundreds of test subjects to measure the safety and effectiveness of their products. This process can often eat up two-thirds of available funding. In India, however, these expenses can be cut by as much as 60 percent. Add to that the large number of willing test subjects with the appropriate illnesses, and one can easily see why so many companies are gravitating there. ( 27 ) pleased with the trend. The recruitment of the poor for drug testing raises ethical questions in India as well as abroad, drawing the attention of several nongovernmental organizations. Some NGOs argue that the vast majority of Indian citizens are unlikely to benefit from the medicines being developed. This is because the drugs, once on the market, will end up being too expensive for them. Other NGOs claim that the clinical tests used fail to meet acceptable global standards. Some companies have also been accused of unauthorized testing. ( 28 ) , Indian authorities are proposing a host of regulatory changes. These would ensure that drug companies follow strict, internationally accepted guidelines that stress the safety of test subjects. Indian hospitals are following suit, with clinical testers to be carefully watched by their own medical committees. These improvements are needed as drug developers concerned about their profits can’t ignore the economic benefits of clinical testing in India.   （26) 1. population increase 2. market there for new products 3. reduction in costs 4. lack of safety regulations （27) 1. Indian patients are 2. The drug industry is not 3. Local hospitals arc 4. Not everyone is （28) 1. To deal with this problem 2. To promote the testing 3. To attract more companies 4. To attract NGO participation